exam Maths Puzzle Numerical Ability

the problem is:

GRAPE
- PLUM
--------
APPLE USING 0,1,2,4,6,7,8,9

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exam Other Question

Please help me explain set-up of equation:
1. A business invests $10,000 in a savings account for two years. At the beginning of the second year, an additional $3500 is invested.
m=y2-y1/x2-x1
How do I know how to know the ecuation for x1?