reasoning Maths Puzzle

There are 12 men coming to a pear tree. There was 12 pears on the tree. Each took a pear and left 11 on the tree. How could there be 11?
Each is one of the men's name!

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reasoning Other Question

in ancient times, four mathematicions discoverd a games of logic.The four people were mr macdonald,mr franke,mr kennedy and mrs smarma. mr kennedy seated the other three people one behind the other so that mr macdonald saw franke and sharma and so that franke and sharma saw no one.
Mr kennedy had 5 hats which he showed to the mathematitians.three of the hats were grey and 2 white mr kennedy put a hat on each persons head and hid the remanig two hats in the box. "what colour id your hat mr macdonald?" asked mr kennedy mr macdonald did not know mr franke did not know the coulor of this hat either when asked.
ms sharma who couldent see ant hats at all, gave the correct awnser when asked the colour of his hat. what was the colour of her hat and how did she figure it out?
There are 2 rooms one with gold treasury and another with deadly snakes. Each room is guarded by a security.Among the two one always speaks truth and the other false.You can ask only one question to either of the security to identify the room with gold.