Maths Olympiad
Exam
Produce AP and CQ to meet at K. Observe that AKCR is a rhombus and BQKP is a parallelogram. Put AP = x,CQ = y. Then PK = BQ = y, KQ = PB = x and AR = RC = CK = KA = x + y. Using cosine rule in triangle PKQ, we get PQ^2 = x^2 + y^2 - 2xy cos120 = x^2 + y^2 + xy. Similarly cosine rule in triangle QCR gives QR^2 = y^2 +(x+y)^2 - 2xy cos60 = x^2 +y^2+xy and cosine rule in triangle PAR gives RP^2 = x^2 + (x + y)^2 - 2xy cos 60 = x^2 + y^2 + xy. It follows that PQ = QR = RP.
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