Operating System Programming and Technical

Q. What are necessary conditions for dead lock?

A. 1. Mutual exclusion (where at least one resource is non-sharable)
2. Hold and wait (where a process holds one resource and waits for other resource)
3. No preemption (where the resources can't be preempted)
4. Circular wait (where p[i] is waiting for p[j] to release a resource. i= 1,2,...¦n
j=if (i!=n) then i+1
else 1 )

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Operating System Other Question

Q. What is fragmentation? Tell about different types of fragmentation?

A. When many of free blocks are too small to satisfy any request then fragmentation occurs. External fragmentation and internal fragmentation are two types of fragmentation. External Fragmentation happens when a dynamic memory allocation algorithm allocates some memory and a small piece is left over that cannot be effectively used. Internal fragmentation is the space wasted inside of allocated memory blocks because of restriction on the allowed sizes of allocated blocks. Q. What is cache memory?

A. Cache memory is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. As the microprocessor processes data, it looks first in the cache memory and if it finds the data there (from a previous reading of data), it does not have to do the more time-consuming reading of data from larger memory.