exam Maths Puzzle Numerical Ability

I hope I am in the right area and someone can help me figure this out?PLease?
Ballistic Pendulums: See the Illustration within the textbook as I can't place it here.

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exam Other Question

Solve the following system by addition. If a unique solution does not exist, state whether the system is inconsistent or dependent:

2x+3y=1
5x+3y=16
From 1989 to 1990, the population of Nevada increased by 157,000, and that of Maine increased by 30,000. In 1990, the population of Nevada was 1.206.152, and that of Maine was 1,2