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Frequently Asked UNIX interview questions and answers for freshers Page 5

(#M40029547) UNIX QUESTION unix Keep an EYE

Q. What are conditions for a machine to support Demand Paging?

A. Memory architecture must based on Pages,
The machine must support the "restartable" instructions

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(#M40029546) UNIX QUESTION unix Keep an EYE

Q. What are conditions on which deadlock can occur while swapping the processes?

A. All processes in the main memory are asleep.
All ready-to-run processes are swapped out.
There is no space in the swap device for the new incoming process that are swapped out of the main memory. There is no space in the main memory for the new incoming process

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(#M40029545) UNIX QUESTION unix Keep an EYE

Q. What do you mean by nice value?

A. Nice value is the value that controls {increments or decrements} the priority of the process. This value that is returned by the nice () system call. The equation for using nice value is:
Priority = (recent CPU usage/constant) + (base- priority) + (nice value)

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(#M40029544) UNIX QUESTION unix Keep an EYE

Q. What are the criteria for choosing a process for swapping into memory from the swap device?

A. The resident time of the processes in the swap device, the priority of the processes and the amount of time the processes had been swapped out.

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(#M40029543) UNIX QUESTION unix Keep an EYE

Q. What are the requirements for a swapper to work?

A. The swapper works on the highest scheduling priority. Firstly it will look for any sleeping process, if not found then it will look for the ready-to-run process for swapping. But the major requirement for the swapper to work the ready-to-run process must be core-resident for at least 2 seconds before swapping out. And for swapping in the process must have been resided in the swap device for at least 2 seconds. If the requirement is not satisfied then the swapper will go into the wait state on that event and it is awaken once in a second by the Kernel.

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(#M40029542) UNIX QUESTION unix Keep an EYE

Q. What are the processes that are not bothered by the swapper? Give Reason.

A. Zombie process: They do not take any up physical memory.
Processes locked in memories that are updating the region of the process.
Kernel swaps only the sleeping processes rather than the ready-to-run processes, as they have the higher probability of being scheduled than the Sleeping processes

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(#M40029541) UNIX QUESTION unix Keep an EYE

Q. How the Swapper works?

A. The swapper is the only process that swaps the processes. The Swapper operates only in the Kernel mode and it does not uses System calls instead it uses internal Kernel functions for swapping. It is the archetype of all kernel process.

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(#M40029540) UNIX QUESTION unix Keep an EYE

What is Expansion swap?

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(#M40029539) UNIX QUESTION unix Keep an EYE

Q. What is Fork swap?

A. fork() is a system call to create a child process. When the parent process calls fork() system call, the child process is created and if there is short of memory then the child process is sent to the read-to-run state in the swap device, and return to the user state without swapping the parent process. When the memory will be available the child process will be swapped into the main memory

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(#M40029538) UNIX QUESTION unix Keep an EYE

Q. What are the entities that are swapped out of the main memory while swapping the process out of the main memory?

A. All memory space occupied by the process, process's u-area, and Kernel stack are swapped out, theoretically. Practically, if the process's u-area contains the Address Translation Tables for the process then Kernel implementations do not swap the u-area.

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