self Maths Puzzle

In front of you is a balance.

Can you devise a system, using only 4 weights, that can measure any whole number of kilograms (1,2,3, etc) …

a) ... up to 15 kg ?
b) ... up to 40 kg ?
c) ... up to 80 kg ?

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self Other Question

Imagine having three bowls, with the following capacities:

In bowl A (8 liters capacity) are 5 liters of water.
In bowl B (5 liters capacity) are 3 liters of water.
In bowl C (3 liters capacity) are 2 liters of water.

Can you measure exactly 1 liter, pouring only 2 times? If it were two hours later, it would be half as long until midnight as it would be if it were an hour later. What time is it now?