Latest IBPS Aptitude Question SOLUTION: All arrows are bows. All bows are swords. Some swords are daggers. All daggers are knives. Conclusions: I) all knives are bows. II) some swords are knives. III) all bows are arro

Answer is B.)Only II and IV follow.
reason: for (II)
Some swords are daggers.--------------(I type)
All daggers are knives.---------------(A type)

I type statement + A type statement = I type statement.

so conclusion:some swords are knives.-----(I type statement)

similarly for(IV)...
All arrows are bows.-----------(A type)
All bows are swords.-----------(A type)

A type statement + A type statement = A type statement.
so Conclusion:all arrows are swords.-----------(A type)

B.only II and IV follow

B
1st conclusion: from 1st statement bows is subset of swords and there is no relation as knives is bigger than bows

ans:B
it can be explained using venn diagrams

Ans B

Only 2 and 4 follows.

1.all knives are not bows bcoz some swords are daggers, all daggers are knives.
2.some swords are knives bcoz the whole daggers are knives.
3. All bows are not arrows bcoz it is contradiction toto 1st statement
4. All arrows are swords bcoz all arrows are bows and all bows are swords.

B. As all daggers are knives and some swords are daggers II is true. as all bows are swords and all arrows are bows IV is true

these type of questions are called syllogism...here there r some rules to be followed...there r 2 types of sentences...sentence strting with 'All' n 'A'..are called universal sentences...n sentences strting with 'some' or 'many' are called particular sentences...sentence should hav only 3 parts such as All/A/some/many (any one of these), a subject n a predicate..
considering this.:.
All arrows are bows.--here arrows is subject n bows is predicate.

let me take another example
1) All dogs are pigs -----this is a universal affirmative sentence...affirmative because it doesnot have 'Not' in it...n universal becoz of 'All'..n subject is dogs, predicate is pigs

2) A cat is pig--------this is also a universal affirmative sentence...affirmative because it doesnot have 'Not' in it...n universal becoz of 'A'..n subject is cat, predicate is pig.

3) all books are not pens----this is a universal negative sentence..negative because it has 'Not' in it...n universal becoz of 'All'..n subject is books, predicate is pens.

4) some books are fans----this is a particular affirmative sentence..affirmative because it doesnot have 'Not' in it...n particular becoz of 'some'..n subject is books, predicate is fans

5) many fans are not books----this is a particular negative sentence...negative because it has 'Not' in it...n particular becoz of 'many'..n subject is fans predicate is books

6) many fans are books----this is a particular affirmative sentence...affirmative because it doesnot have 'Not' in it...n particular becoz of 'many'..n subject is fans predicate is books.

so here ther r 4 types of senntences
1) universal affirmative
2) universal negative
3) particular affirmative
4) particular negative

rules:
1) universal affirmative: subject is distributive, predicate is non- distributive.

2) universal negative : subject is distributive, predicate is distributive.

3) particular affirmative: subject is non-distributive, predicate is non- distributive.

4) particular negative :subject is non-distributive, predicate is distributive.



rules to be followed:
1) every deduction should contain 3 n only 3 terms.
2) the middle term must be distributed atleast once in the sentences.
3) if one of the sentence is negative , then the conclusion is negative.
4) if one of the sentence is particular, then the conclusion is particular.
5) if both the sentences are negative, then no conclusion can be drawn.
6) if both the sentences are particular, then no conclusion can be drawn.
7) no term can be distributed in the conclusion, if it is not distributed in the sentence.

consider the following example:

all flowers are pink --- universal affirmative.( flo-distributed, pink-notdis)
all pink are blue --- universal affirmative. (pink-dist,blue-notdistri)

here pink is the middle term...
since the middle term is atleast once distributed ..therfore the conclusion is

all flowers are blue , becoz flowers-distributed n blue not distributed, n since both r universal , conclusion is universal affirmative...with subject distributed n predicate non- distributed.

consider another example
all cats are not dogs.--universal negative( cats-disti, dogs-distributive)
some cats are not pigs.--particular negative( cats-notdist,pigs-distribu)
here cats r middle terms, according to rule 5 conclusion cant be drawn, becoz both the sentences r negative.

answer B is true

ans b

some swords are knives.
and
all arrows are swords.